Fillers: Non-black and Carbon Black – (Approximately 3 Hours)
1. Introduction to Fillers
a. Filler Effects in Rubber
b. Particle Size
c. Particle Shape
d. Surface Area
e. Surface Activity
2. Mineral Fillers
a. Types of Mineral Fillers
b. Chemistry of Fillers
c. Processing of Natural Mineral Fillers
d. Reinforcing Properties of Fillers in Rubber
e. Mineral Filler Typical Properties (R. T. Vanderbilt Chart)
f. Surface Activity and Surface Treatments
g. Clay
h. Calcium Carbonate
i. Silicas
j. Silica – Carbon Black Comparisons
k. Talc
l. Titanium Dioxide
m. Diatomaceous Earth
n. Reinforcing Resins
o. Filler Comparison in Rubber Compounds
3. Carbon Black
a. History of Carbon Black
b. Manufacture – Oil Furnace, Thermal
c. Carbon Black Particles – Aggregates and Agglomerates
d. Carbon Black and Rubber Properties
e. Carbon Black Definitions
f. ASTM Carbon Black Classification
g. Structure and Surface Area
h. Carbon Black Tests
i. Carbon Black Grades and Properties
j. Carbon Black Loading for Hardness
k. Rubber Mixing with Carbon Black
l. Carbon Black Dispersion
